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cell-communicating ingredients. Cell-communicating ingredients, theoretically, have the ability to tell a skin cell to look, act, and behave better, more like a normal healthy skin cell would, or to stop other substances from telling the cell to behave badly or abnormally. They do this by either direct communication with the skin cell or by blocking damaging cellular pathways or other cell-communicating substances. Cell-communicating ingredients complement antioxidants to improve skin-cell function. 

Examples of cell-communicating ingredients include niacinamide, adenosine triphosphate, vitamin A (retinol), tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid—the active ingredient in prescription products such as Renova and Retin-A), and possibly peptides. Assorted plant extracts and growth factors may play a role in blocking damaging cell communication or enhancing healthy cell communication.

(Sources: Journal of Biological Chemistry, August 2007, pages 22964, 22976; Seminars in Immunopathology, April 2007, pages 15–26; Journal of Investigative Dermatology, December 2006, pages 2697–2706; Microscopy Research and Technique, January 2003, pages 107–114; Nature Medicine, February 2003, pages 225–229; Journal of Investigative Dermatology, March 2002, pages 402–408; International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, July 2004, pages 1141–1146; Experimental Cell Research, March 2002, pages 130–137; Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, September–October 2002, pages 316–320; and www.signaling-gateway.org). See antioxidant and peptide.